The Effects Of Early Parental Loss On The Psychological...

Death is something that is difficult to deal with; even more so as a child. Therefore, children most of the time do not understand death and are confused about reasoning behind the loss. At this stage in a child’s life they do not have the tools that are needed to deal with this kind emotional turmoil. Bereavement of a parent can traumatize a child so badly that it can affect him or her later in adulthood. Under those circumstances psychological treatment should be obtained for the child after bereavement has taken place. In Angela Kanini Kaberia’s article, â€Å"Influence of early parental loss on the psychological functioning and sense of identity among young adults in Meru County, Kenya†, there were multiple study done to determine all kinds of different aspect or how a child is affected by the loss of a parent. Furthermore, one of the first studies list that 127 adults were studied that had at least lost one of their parents if not both before the age of fi fteen. The control group consisted of 124 adults that had not lost either one of their parents. In result the bereaved group showed lower levels of positive relation with others when judge against the control group (Kaberia,2016,182). It is important to realize that the results also show that by having unresolved grief after an extended amount of time after this period of bereavement showed characteristics of lower positive relations when compared to those have no such grief (Kaberia,2016,182).Show MoreRelatedPsychosocial Factors That Affect Adolescent s Behavior876 Words   |  4 Pagesinteresting stage of development and is the fifth stage of Erikson stages of development .According to Erikson adolescence is a time of searching for one’s own identity and developing a sense of autonomy. Trying on different â€Å"selves† is a common mental and behavioral activity of adolescents who are in the process of developing an internally anchored sense of who they are, rather t han defining themselves by what others think or expect of them including their parents (Erikson, 1968). Many normal and well behavedRead MoreLife Span Development Reflective Paper5968 Words   |  24 Pagesethnic and cultural backgrounds. My experience and training includes extensive work with prenatal, infant and early childhood education and development. Through this course I have been able to not only reinforce what I know, but develop greater knowledge in my areas of expertise as well as gain a deeper understanding of the areas of least experience and knowledge (i.e. adolescent, early/middle adulthood and late adulthood). I will discuss how research and theory has enhanced my knowledge and understandingRead MoreObservation Of Various Life Stages5410 Words   |  22 Pages However, this type of observation is limited to the extent of these senses’ accuracy. This leaves us with the psychological processes of individuals, but the psychologist must fend off the physical evidence of observed behaviors, to analyze and predict both individual and group behavior during the different stages of human life. The observer will describe in detail an observation conducted onto 2 groups of children in early adolescent stage. The first documentation is on encountered issues ofRead MoreInternational Adoption: A Global Problem or a Global Solution?2642 Words   |  11 Pagesadoption can be assumed as an appropriate solution for the problem of orphans because it provides underprivileged children with parental love and it gives them an opportunity to avoid problem of socialization that orphan children usually do have. On the other hand international adoption is criticized by others because of the loss of culture and the disturbance of identity formation that adoptees do suffer from. In addition, international adoption is often used in relation to the child traffickingRead MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 Pagestrend in the 1970s, and that young women tend to delay motherhood. South Africa has the lowest fertility rate in sub-Saharan Africa and is at par with ot her developing countries outside region (Anderson, 2002). In the 1998 South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS), it was found that the total fertility rate has declined to an average of 2.9 children per woman (Dickson, 2002). A decline in fertility rates has been associated with a high use of contraceptives among women and also the legalisationRead MoreA REPORT ON THE EFFECTS OF SIBLING SEXUAL ABUSE5691 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿A REPORT ON THE EFFECTS OF SIBLING SEXUAL ABUSE BY NWOKO ISRAEL. I STUDENT NUMBER-53918126 UNIQUE NUMBER-322943 POST GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA. AUGUST, 2013. PREFACE In this report the word ‘’ Sibling ’’ is used to refer to children who grow up in the same family, whether they are step-children, foster children, adopted children or children by birth. Naturally and healthy sexual explorationRead MoreFilipino Adolescents in Changing Times*10342 Words   |  42 Pagesbeliefs, attitudes, perceptions and behavior of young people in their late teens belonging to different socio-economic classes and living in urban and rural areas. It examined the factors influencing their beliefs and behavior and determining the critical events or â€Å"turning points† in their lives that have shaped their self-concept or identity. Specific research questions included: †¢ What are the beliefs, attitude, perceptions and behavior of young people specifically about relationships (with theRead MoreParental Grief Essay14598 Words   |  59 PagesContinuing Process of Parental Grief Also, sometimes a parents love makes them unable to let go. Ive seen so many parents put their needs above their infants because they just cant bear to suffer the grief of losing a child. Its heartbreaking when you can see parents in total denial and you know that the end will come one way or another but they just cant accept it. I dont know if thats the case here or not, but its certainly a possibility. Parental Grief The theme of parental mourning hasRead MoreQuestions on Abnormal Psychology4701 Words   |  19 PagesPoints Question 1 of 50 1.0 Points According to the integrative model, which of the following factors influence the onset and maintenance of somatic symptom disorders?   A.Biological, psychological, social and cultural factors.   B.Psychological, cultural and perceptual factors.   C.Medical, sociological, and psychological factors.   D.Cultural, medical, and gender factors. Answer Key:  A Question 2 of 50 1.0 Points Concerning the cause of dissociative disorders, _______ dominate(s) this field of psychologyRead MoreAn Evalution of the Attachment Theory Essay13038 Words   |  53 Pages2.3 Information gathering Content Analysis 16 Chapter 3: Literature Review Applying the Attachment Theory when working with Looked after Children 3.1. Part 1 - Early Attachment Theories, Criticisms Findings 20 3.2. Part 2 - Emotional and Behavioural difficulties 28 3.3 Part 3 - Effects on Child Development 35 Chapter 4: Critical overview Conclusion 4.1 Critical overview 43 4.2 Recommendations Conclusion 45 References

Different Types Of Leadership Styles - 868 Words

Being an effective manager means knowing when to use the right management style. The six management styles are coaching, strategic, laissez- faire, bureaucratic, autocratic, and democratic. Managers have to perform many roles in an organization and knowing how they would handle difficult situations will depend on their style of management. The purpose of the paper is to understand a little about all the management styles and then which one best fits my personality and how it should be handled. Being able to be an effective Manager and knowing when to use it and how to handle a situation when it comes Background A management style is a method of leadership used by a manager. Managers should be able to adjust their style in any given situation. Throughout history, people have tried to say what makes a good leader. There are different types of leadership styles that would appear in any type of work environment. The first leadership style would be coaching. Coaching leaders are very effective in settings where performance or results need improvement. The coach would help the coaches realize and help them to see their full potential not by instructing or giving advice but by asking questions that will guide them to understand. They also help others to advance their skills and build strength, as well as provide a lot of guidance. The coaching leadership style is most effective when followers are more responsible, experienced, and agreeable. The second style would be strategic.Show MoreRelatedDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1127 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence, goals, and people is what lead ership has been built off of creating variations of different types of leadership traits and styles. Leadership is simply defined as the ability to impact people to obtain a certain goal or accomplishment. In any type of business or corporation, leadership is an overall activity that is only distinctive among people within an organization. Uncertainty is a variation that come with a leadership role. This variation makes a leader a quick thinker and valuesRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles976 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper discusses different type of leadership styles. Servant leadership is a leadership that was discovered by Robert K. Greenleaf. Greenleaf founds some key tools on how individuals can serve and be leaders at the same time while being effective. Many organization use this theory in their organizations rather it’s for- profit or non- profit. It will be explored on how organizations use this theory and how it works for them as well as what leadership style is used for my particular organizationRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1718 Words   |  7 Pageskinds of leadership styles used to facilitate the actions of others. Mirriam-Webster.com defines leadership as â€Å"a position as a leader of a group, organization, etc†. Another more inclusive definition regarding the leading role is â€Å"managers motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels, or resolving conflicts among members† (Robbins, Judge, 2013). If a company or organization suffers from poor, none, or the wrong leadership styles, everyoneRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1799 Words   |  8 PagesLeadership Styles Different leadership styles There are many different types of leadership styles that are adjusted to suit different roles of jobs. All leadership styles have a direct reasoning to provide direction, as well as motivating individuals. Authoritarian Leadership (also known as autocratic) has a high level of control. It empowers people to follow the directions given. It is frequently considered a classic leadership style and is used when the leader wants to take as much control asRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1288 Words   |  6 Pagesthorough research work in how they define leadership and leadership behavior. Leadership students and researchers have described many different types of leadership styles. The democratic and autocratic leadership styles are just two of the most prominent leadership styles that have been identified in leadership literatures. In 1939, a group of researchers led by psychologist Kurt Lewin decided to identify the different types of leadership styles that exist in the modern world. This earlyRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles935 Words   |  4 Pagessupportive and they set the example for everyone to see. I think every successful leader follows this philosophy whether they realize it or not. I have worked for several leaders throughout my 21 plus year career and I have seen all different types of leadership styles. I have learned something from every leader I have worked for, whether they were a great leader who I wanted to emulate later on in my career, or the leader that I swore I would never be like. We learn from everyone that we work forRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leadership Styles1330 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Leadership? Why are there so many types of Leadership? Which one is the right one? These are all important questions people who are trying to lead ask. John Maxwell a we ll-known author on leadership stated simply â€Å"Leadership is influence†. There are numerous types of leadership styles, they all have their strong points about them, and depending who you are the circumstances can dictate which type of person with what type of leadership style will be successful. In this paper I will discussRead MoreDifferent Types Of Leaders And Styles Of Leadership1590 Words   |  7 Pagesobligation to be a leader (Dufour, Marzano, 2011). Leadership defined by Owen (2002) is, â€Å"A journey of discovery. It is the expression of a person at his or her best whose aim is to transform something for the better and to develop this potential in others. It is not a solitary pursuit but one that harnesses the energy of those around you. Leadership is a process in which leaders and followers engage to achieve mutual goals. Prentice (2004) defines leadership as the accomplishment of a goal through theRead MoreEssay about different types of leadership styles9138 Words   |  37 Pages 3. Among the different types of leadership styles, which style would be suitable to a democratic country like India to become superpower in business? Justify your answer. LEADERSHIP The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers. To gain followers requires influence but doesnt exclude the lack of integrity in achieving this. Indeed, it can be argued that several of the worlds greatest leaders have lacked integrity and have adopted values that would not be shared by manyRead MoreTypes Of Leadership Traits And Effective Leadership Styles That Will Be Best For Different Situations Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. A true leader is one who has the power, passion, and ability to guide others in the right direction. Leadership is having the control and will power to direct any group of people towards a common goal. There are several types of leadership traits and effective leadership styles that will be best for different situations. If leadership was easy, everyone would be doing it. Leadership requires more than just a few hopeful words and promises. It takes passionate and knowledgeable individuals

Discrimination Problems Free Essays

A problem facing human kind that I will start out with is discrimination and racism. For as long as humans have interacted on our planet, there has been discrimination. To me, discrimination is the act of treating individuals unequally because of a group or culture that one lives by. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination Problems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyone has been discriminatory at some point in his or her life, sometimes while not even knowing it, but it still needs to be thrown out of our society. In the late 1950†³s, discrimination acts ended against minority groups in a court of law; but did they? Today, some will still say that discrimination against any different type of ethnic group or organization will never just go away. How can a group/organization, educated or non-educated believe that a certain group that they abide by is superior to that of another? And is this still looked at as an acceptable way of living to some, or in some places? An example of an openly racist configuration is the Ku-Klux-Klan. Although most of our country is not supporting such a group, they are still given the right to voice their hatred. How is our nation ever supposed to improve and sustain peace when people are blaming others for something that we have all brought upon ourselves? Another problem I think our humankind is facing is lack of freedom and excess of social control. At this point in my life I am going through a very confusing stage of questioning. Questioning my values, my boundaries, my potential, basically my life in general. Often, I ask myself, â€Å"What the hell were we put on this planet for†? Was it to do what our society is showing us to do? -Or have we all gone completely mad? Who said that we need to succeed and compete, and sometimes make ourselves unhappy to achieve something that we are told is right? Who came up with having our whole world centered at education and goal oriented scholars? Where has the freedom really gone, and what will it lead to-certainly nothing more than what we have now. If freedom is being able to study what one wants and being able to work where one wants, as whatever one wants, these definitions of freedom are still centered around only one way of life-An organized society. True- our world would be beyond chaotic if one should pull the plug on rules, regulations and organization, but has anyone ever brought forth any kind of â€Å"what if†¦ â€Å"?. What would our world be if success and education were not looked at as the â€Å"appropriate and better† way of life? People would be able to live as they choose without the worries of fitting into any kind of society in which they did not want to fit into? What I am asking or yet proposing in a sense is what are we aiming for, and how excessive is our social control going to get? Does anybody have a certainty that what we are doing is in fact correct- if so, I†d like to meet him or her, and have Materialism is another one that I am going to take a shot at. This subject I can†t say I†m exactly fit to write about but it†s something of interest to me, which makes it somewhat of a â€Å"problematic subject† in my book. Materialism to me is our world looking at and making assumptions and opinions about the wrong thing, either the subject being money/success, man-made objects, social upbringing, education or whatever. I have never had a direct problem with materialism only because I have never been confronted or even in discussion with that subject. I grew up in a very materialistic environment and only now am realizing that it is a problem for our society. Where I grew up, in a suburban, upper-class township, everyone forms opinions on everyone by the external view of someone. As I have said above, how much money? Are they attractive? Who are their parents? And so forth. I had never been exposed to anything but that until now, and I am learning that not everyone is like that, so it†s not as much of a problem in some places than in others, although the places with heavy materialistic views and ways of life are not educated enough about this subject to know that materialism is wrong. These are just three of the many things that I think are problems facing human kind in the future and even right now. How to cite Discrimination Problems, Papers

Aldi Harrison Expanded Marketing Mix - Click to Get Solution

Question: Evaluate how well the marketing mix of the organization is performed for Aldi organization? Answer: Introduction The expanded marketing mix of Aldi will be studied in the present report. Aldi is an International discount supermarket chain based in Germany. The supermarket is known for offering high quality products to the customers with exceptional value. The supermarket offers range of grocery products with best quality. The grocery products are available at exceptionally low prices. In order to offer products at low prices, Aldi manufactures its own products. In order to reduce their cost of production further, Aldi encourages customers to carry their own shopping bags. It also offers shopping bags for sale. In order to reduce the cost, the shopping carts are given at rent on quarter basis (deposit is returned with the cart). It eliminates the need for making payments to the employees for recovering the carts. Aldi sells its own brand label food, beverage items and household items that are inexpensive in nature. Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. Product The product offering of Aldi ranges from selling own brands which are cheaper than the labels that are highly priced. The cost and production process of the organization is controlled by Aldi. Non food items are also stocked by Aldi such as toiletries and sells musical instruments. Advantages of quality, feature and style improvement of a product The target market of Aldi is the middle class and the lower middle class. It offers products at low prices. The quality of the products offered by Aldi is average. It does not offer high quality product to the customers. The quality, feature and style of product are essential attributes of the product that sets it apart from the rest of the products. The essential attributes of the products add value to it. Continuous improvement of quality of a product is an essential part of the business management process. The style and improvement of quality of a product will reduce the defects and improve the quality of the product. The philosophy of continuous improvement of quality of quality of a product will make the business better equipped to adapt to the changes that occur in the industry. This will enable them to take advantages of the opportunities and avoid the threats (Ruddick, 2014). Improvement of quality focuses on improving the business process as a means to improve the efficiency of the organization. Aldi has been continuously improving its efficiency in terms of quality improvement of the products manufactured by it, style and feature improvement of the product. Aldi has been professional and it always inspects the products supplied to it to ensure that it meets the demand of the customers. The own branded labels of Aldi are sold at cheaper rates than the other supermarkets. This has helped Aldi to maintain its market share. Apart from selling the products at cheap rates, it is essential for Aldi to enhance the quality and features of the products offered by Aldi. This will enhance the competitive advantage of the organization (Hamel, 2015). Addition of New Products Aldi offers range of food products to the customers. The own branded labels offered by Aldi comprises of Choco rice , Rich tea biscuits , Lager Stella Artois and other wide range of food products. Aldi has been imitating the top brands and manufacturing the same products with variety and different features. The choco rice sold by Aldi is imitation of the Kellogs coco pops. There are certain modifications in the product quality. Similarly there is various range of product offering of Aldi which is an imitation of a popular brand (Adnews.com.au, 2015). It is a clever evolution by Aldi to target the affluent areas of the market. Aldi sells fewer products than most of the products sold by the supermarkets. Tesco has 40,000 products in line but Aldi stocks only 1350 products (TheGrocer.co.uk, 2013). It has been said by retail analyst of Kantar, Edward Garner that one might find 20 pasta sauces in Tesco but Aldi will only have two or three pasta sauces (SHOOTER, 2013). The food products s old by Aldi have been very successful. In can diversify its product range and add new sections. It can venture into the clothes section. It can start the clothes section. Wools worth is a large supermarket that is making its clothing business more appealing and fashionable to the customers. At present Aldi sells clothes, electronic products and furnitures on special days like twice in a week. The special products are sold every Wednesday and Saturday (Grocery.com, 2015). But instead of selling the products on special days, Aldi should diversify its product offering and include the clothes section as a regular section in the supermarket (Aldi.com.au, 2015). Price Pricing the product in an accurate manner is the most difficult considerations for the marketing organizations. There are different strategies of pricing the product. The various strategies of pricing includes market penetration, competitive pricing and strategic pricing. The strategy applied by Aldi to price its products is competitive pricing. By the pricing policy Aldi is able to offer the products at low prices (Harvard Business Review, 2006). The low prices are offered by Aldi as it manufactures most of the food products and buys products in huge volume (Icmrindia.org, 2015). It offers great leverage for negotiating the best possible prices for the products (mrmlogiq.com, 2013). Pricing Objectives The major pricing objective used by Aldi is competitive pricing. The strategy by Aldi has been successful as it has forced the suppliers to deliver products at lowest prices. Since the company makes bulk purchases, it is easier for the organization to purchase at cheaper rates without lowering its profit margin. Since it purchases the products at lower rates, selling the products at reduced rate is not a tough job for the organization. The pricing policy of Aldi is made to capture the larger share of the market. The competitive pricing policy by Aldi has made it one of the largest supermarkets in Australia. One in every three household in Australia visit Aldi to purchase the food products (Harrison, 2014). Policies of pricing The pricing policy of Aldi is simple and transparent. The low prices are offered by Alsi by undertaking some unique policies. Unit pricing policy has been used by Aldi to price its products. Comparison of the prices of the products with other supermarkets can be done accurately using unit pricing policy (Aldi.com.au, 2015). It provides extra information to the customers. The unique pricing policy by Aldi has maintained the transparency of pricing the products. The customers will get the real value of shopping from Aldi. The refund policy used by Aldi is done understanding the need of the customers. The refund is done on an everyday basis if the customers are not satisfied with the products (Aldi.com.au, 2015). Strategies of Pricing The pricing strategy of Aldi is targeted to capture the larger share of the market. It uses the competitive policy of pricing to address a larger mass of customers. The various strategies of pricing are 1. Market Penetration The pricing strategy is used by organization by charging lower prices for the new products so that the new organization can enter into the market and have a greater share of the market. This helps the organization capture the market fast. The company can gain over the market share quickly. 2. Competitive pricing - The competitive pricing policy is used to drive the existing customers of a particular company towards it. The competitive pricing is done by offering lower prices for a range of products to the customers. 3. Strategic pricing - The strategic pricing policy emphasizes on enhancing the quality of brand positioning of the product in order to allow a higher price for the product. The organization focuses on enhancing the quality of the product rather than reducing the price of the product. Amongst the three strategies, the strategy applied by Aldi to sell the products to the customers is competitive pricing (Collinson, 2014). It will offer products of high quality or similar quality as sold by the other supermarkets at cheaper rates. Aldi can offer the products at cheaper rates since it purchases the products in huge volumes. Since Aldi buys products in large volumes, it allows great leverage for negotiating with the suppliers for the products. It sells the products to the customers at the best possible prices (This is Money, 2014). Since it purchases the product in bulk volume it can negotiate with the suppliers regarding the price of the product. This is known as economies of scale which means that huge volumes of a product is purchased at low price. The savings made by Aldi is passed on to the customers of Aldi (Butler, 2014). Procedures of pricing Aldi offers products to the customers at low prices. Since it offers less expensive items to the customers, it has to reduce its cost of production. Instead of purchasing the products from outside, Aldi manufactures most of the food products. The food products are manufactured by Aldi keeping in mind the demand for the product. It has imitated the top brand food products like Kellogs while manufacturing its own food products (Cambridge News, 2014). Among the top supermarkets in the world, the products sold by Aldi are 16% cheaper than the products sold by Asda. It is 20% cheaper than the products offered by Tesco and 40% cheaper than the products offered by Waitrose (Osborne, 2012). The customers have to carry their own shopping bags in Aldi. It reduces the extra cost of the company. It offers milk at the lowest prices. It offers lowest prices to the dairy farmer for their milk. Thus if the customers want to support the dairy farmers then they should not buy the milk from Aldi (Food Strategy Associates, 2014). The customers complain about the loyalty cards offered by the othersuper markets. They claim a reduction in the price of the product instead of the loyalty cards. Aldi has gone down in the same path. They do not offer loyalty cards to the customers.Instead they have reduced the price of their product (Osborne, 2012). Distribution Distributing the products to reach out to a wide range of audience is essential for the growth of the business organization. The strategy used by Aldi to capture a larger share of the market is by distributing the product to a wide range of customers. The target audiences of the company are the low and middle income earners. They opened their supermarket chains all over the world which includes Australia, UK , US etc. Objectives of Distribution Aldi has a well networked team of supplier who supply their products to all the supermarkets. The main distribution strategy used by Aldi is to maximize the reach out of their product to the customers. This will help them gain a larger share of the market. Strategies of Distribution Aldi has separate distribution centres in their operating countries. They have made huge investment in each of the distribution centre in order to manage their business in an efficient way (Cordo n, Hald Seifert, 2012). The distribution centers hire employees on a regular basis in order in order to distribute their products to the end users in an efficient manner. The logistic and supply chain operates at world class efficiency (Supplychainanalysis.igd.com, 2015). The suppliers keep the delivery roots short and they employ the best war housing techniques for supplying the products to the various stores (Kleemann, 2011). In order to distribute the product efficiently to the end users they employ candidates with market leading skills. They provide a clear delegation of responsibility to the employees (Theuvsen, 2007). The region in which Aldi operates is decentralized. Thus the operations can be controlled from a localized point. This ensures efficient management of the supply chai n (Johnsen, Howard Miemczyk, 2014). The supplier arrangements are made in the organization to minimize the consumption of energy and reduce the carbon emissions (ALDI Australia, 2012). Promotional Strategies In order to increase its profitability, Aldi has to increase the market share. The promotional activity will demonstrate the balance of the marketing mix. In order to enhance the awareness of the customers and to gain customer loyalty, it is important to increase the awareness of the product to enhance the recognition of the brand , increase the demand for the products , enhancement of the image of the brand and supplying superior products to the customers. Objectives of Promotional strategies The major objective of Aldi is to increase its market share. The promotional activity should ensure a balance of the marketing mix (Aldi.us, 2015). The promotional activity is planned to increase the loyalty of the customers and communicate the quality and value messages. The major objective of the promotional activities of Aldi is increasing the awareness and improvement of the brand recognition. Innovation and improvement has to take place in a parallel way in order to capture a larger share of the market. The other objectives of Aldi include increasing the demand for the products, improvement of the brand image and highlight the products that are of superior quality. The promotional activities of Aldi are above the line promotion and below the line promotion (Marketing Week, 2014). Strategies of Promotional Strategies The promotional strategies used by Aldi includes above the line promotional strategies and below the line promotional strategies. Above the line promotion Above the line promotional strategies are applied by Aldi via advertising targeting at mass audience. Advertising is done by Aldi using media such as television, radio, newspaper and magazines. This has helped them to reach to a larger audience. Television is used as an effective medium to communicate the view point of the company to the customers (Aldi.co.uk, 2015). The Like Brands are promoted by Aldi using television media showing that the products are available at cheaper rates. Leaflets are distributed in the stores to reinforce the brands sold by Aldi. Aldi also uses news paper as an effective source of medium to campaign the products (Ferrell, Pride, Schembri, Lukas Niininen, 2015). Below the line promotion Below the line promotional activity is done by Aldi to increase their engagement with the customers. The methods are used to target to a specific audience. These methods are found to be more effective than above the line methods. The organization will have a greater control of their communication. The below the line promotional strategies is applied by Aldi using social media, targeted emails to the customers , endorsements and awards for third party and emphasizing on their public relations and media relationships. Two way communications is encouraged by Aldi by using Facebook and Twitter pages. The social media pages have been an effective source of communication with the customers. The direct emails have been very effective form of communication. Aldi can communicate variety of messages to the target customers (Ritson, 2015). Public relations Another below the line method used by Aldi to highlight the quality of the products to the customers is via positive third party endorsements. It has entered over 1000 of its products into awards. In 2012, Watchdog had awarded it as the best supermarket. It beat the competition from Marks and Spencers. It has also made positive endorsements for the products on Television to reaffirm the message that the products of Aldi are of highest quality. They offer good quality product at cheaper rates (corporate.aldi.us, 2014). Improvement of Promotional Budget Optimizing the infrastructure of the organization can save the marketing budget of the organization to a considerable extent. This will ensure increase in the sales. The company can increase the operational efficiency and reduce their expenditure by increasing the expenses for promoting the product. The expenditure made in the various marketing resource like marketing materials, software of marketing can be reduced to increase the expenses in promoting the product. The budget for the various promotional activities can increase by 10% by reducing the other expenses. After increasing the promotional budget, the company has to evaluate the effectiveness of the increase in the budget. If the sales of the organization increases via the enhanced promotional activities then it can be assured that the promotional activities of the organization has been effective (Johnston, 2015). Use of expanded marketing mix for improving the organizational performance Apart from the 4Ps of marketing, the expanded marketing mix is essential for increasing the value of the product to the customers. Since the marketing strategies are far more customer oriented, it is essential to incorporate the additional 3 Ps of marketing to enhance the service of the product to the customers (Groucutt, 2005). 1. Physical layout In case of large supermarket like Aldi , the physical layout and infrastructure of the organization to receive good feedback from the customers. The customers today purchase products from the retail units and they expect high level of presentation in the modern shops. This enhances the shopping experience of the shopper and at the same time it increases the standard of presentation of the organization (Richter, 2002). 2. People An essential attribute of retail marketing is enhancing the customer service. It is an essential feature to attract more customers to the organization. The employees providing service to the customers has to understand the need of the customers and serve them in a better way. This will generate positive word of mouth for the investors and more customers will visit the supermarket (Cateora, 1983). 3. Process - Process is an important attribute of extended marketing mix. The various process in the organization will help the organization to handle the queries of the customers effectively. The return policy, customer complaints and the process for handling the orders can be done effectively. This will increase the efficiency of the organization. The top priority of the organization will be to provide good quality of service (Ronkainen Czinkota, 2002). Conclusion Aldi is a large supermarket based in Germany. Aldi has been successful in its strategy of targeting a larger mass of audience. The unique and innovative strategy used by Aldi is to provide products at cheaper prices to the customers. Aldi has not compromised with the quality of the product. They have manufactured their own product to reduce the cost of production. Since they buy in bulk volumes, it has been possible for Aldi to reduce the purchase price of the product. They sell the products at discount rates which is an essential strategy used by Aldi to reach out to a wide range of customers. Apart from using the 4Ps of marketing, it should focus on applying the other 3Ps such as physical layout, process and people to increase their mass appeal. References Adnews.com.au,. (2015). Aldi defends own labels - AdNews. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.adnews.com.au/adnews/aldi-hits-back-over-woolworths-copycat-branding-attack ALDI Australia. (2012) (1st ed., pp. 1-14). Retrieved from https://www.aldisuppliers.com.au/PDF/ALDI-Corporate-Brochure.pdf Aldi.co.uk,. (2015). ALDI - TV Adverts. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.aldi.co.uk/en/about-aldi/tv-campaigns/tv-adverts/ Aldi.com.au,. (2015). ALDI special buys new range every Wednesday and Saturday - ALDI Australia. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.aldi.com.au/en/special-buys/ Aldi.com.au,. (2015). Pricing - ALDI Australia. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.aldi.com.au/en/about-aldi/customer-information/pricing/ Aldi.com.au,. (2015). Returns Policy - ALDI Australia. 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